

CD1_7_12八种时态+被动语态
7. 现在进行时
8. 过去式
9. 将来时
10. 一般现在时
11. 现在完成时
12. 时态总结
25. 被动语态
第7课, 正在看电视,现在进行时,ing的变化
1. 我正在看电视I am watching TV
//Be动词+实义动词的ing形式表正在进行的动作
I am reading a book. 我正在读书
she is singing. 她正在唱歌
//注:中文无时态概念,表现在,过去,将来只是在副词上变化,而英语里,这些是通过动词的变化来体现
2. 现在进行时
be动词+实义动词ing形式
1)实义动词一般可直接在后加ing,还有两种特殊形式,例:
put——putting get——getting
2)以元音字母加一个辅间字母结尾并重读的实义动词,双写结尾辅单字母再加ing,例:setpping
3)以元单加辅音加e结尾的实义动词,去e加ing,
例1:dance——dancing come——coming
例2:I am watching channel [v],Hi, this is Michael Jachson, And you are watching channel [V].
例3:You are listening to the voice of America. 你正在收听美国之音
3. 现在进行时的否定
He is not singing Tom is not playing footbal.
疑问回答:
what are you doing? Are they dancing now?
4. 注意的两点
1)经常与now连用 It is raining now 现在下雨了
2)还可以和:at present目前 this week本周 these days这几天
例:what are you doing this week? we are learning English these day. 你们本周做了些什么,我们这几天在学英语
5. 总结:
1)什么是现在进行时
2)它的否定
3)两种进行时的表达:一表说话时进行的动作,另一种表近一段时间正进行的动作。
Yeah! Tony, you are really a smart boy! 你真是个聪明的男孩
Wow, you are stepping on my foot!
6. 范文学习
A Busy Family
It's a busy day at the wangs' house. 王家今天很忙
//s结尾的复数名词所有格直接在s后加撇s即可
Mr. Wang is fixing his bike. 王先生正在修的他的自行车
//be+doing ,fix的现在分词构成特殊,不双写x,直接加ing
Mrs. Wang is writing a letter. Their daughter is reading a book. Their son is exercising. 他们的儿子在运动
//write——writing read——reading excercise——excercising
Even the dog is busy甚至狗狗都很忙. It is chasing a cat它正在追一只猫.The cat is running for its life猫正在逃命.
//busy是形容词作is的表语 chase——chasing
The wangs are busy, but they're having fun. 王家一家都很忙,但他们都很愉快。
//have fun玩的开心
//house住宅,房子 fix修理 chase追赶,追逐 even甚至 for为,为了 have fun玩得开心
第8课 昨天很忙——过去式
1. You watched TV at the party?
//动词的过去式,是在动词后加ed,例:He cleaned the window. 他擦过了玻璃
2. 动词一般在后加ed变过去式,但还有三种异类
1) 以e结尾的直接加d,
例:liked changed lived I liked cats我过去喜欢猫
2) 以辅音加y结尾
例:study——studied carry——carried worry——worried I studied last night.
3) 以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾并重读的实义动词,变过去式要双写结尾的辅音字母再加ed
stop——stopped drop—— dropped slip——slipped
//同名词单数变复数差不多,只是名词加es,这里加ed
4) 无规则变化
go——went see——saw run——ran。。。。。
3. be动词过去式,am/is——was are——were
例:I was busy yesterday Susan was busy yesterday. We were busy yesterday.
4. 一些经常连用表过去的词
this morning今天早上,just now刚才,a moment ago不久前,last week上周
5. 过去式的否定形式
例1:I was not busy this morning.
例2:Is there any cake in the icebox? Was there any cake in the icebox?过去冰箱中有一些蛋糕
例3:Does Tom love jerry? Did Tom love jerry?
//注:do和does的过去式都是did
6. 短文学习
I was Late for Work Yesterday 昨天上班我迟到了
A: I was late for work yesterday. 我昨天上班迟到了
//be late for表迟到,am的过去式是was
B: What happened? Did you get up late? 发生了什么,你起床晚了
//过去式的一般疑问去用did
A: No, I didn't get up late. 不,我起得不晚
过去式的否定句用didn't do表示
B: Did you miss the bus? 你错过公共汽车了
//过式式的一般疑问句用did提起,miss表错过
A: No, I didn't miss the bus. 不,我没错过。
//过去式否定用didn't do
A: A thief stole my bicycle! 小偷偷了我的自己车
//stole是steal的过去式表偷
//late迟到,晚地 happen发生 thief小倫, bicycle自行车 steal偷
7. 注:过去式的一般疑问后面的动词要还原
例:Did you stay in BeiJing last year?你去年呆在北京吗?
//do和does的过去式为did,did提前,后面的动词用原形,同前面的疑问句。例:when did the rain stop?雨什么时候停的
第9课 我会富有吗?——将来时
1. Happy life will not be a dream. you will be rich, You will move to a new house.
幸福生活将不是梦想,你将会富有,你将会搬进一个新房子。
1) will表将来,将来时:will+动词原形,am/is/are全还原为be
例:I/You will be rich. I will go home. my firend will come.
we will have a good time. I will go home tommorrow.我明天回家
2)常连用的词:
tomorrow明天 next year明年 next month下月 soon不久 before long不久
in two weeks(dsys)两周(天)后 some day将来某天
例2:I will call you next week我下周给你打电话
I will write to you soon我不久就给你写信
My mother will go to America soon.我母亲不久将去美国
He will get married next month. 他下月结婚
I will change my job before long.我不久将换工作
2. 将来时的否定,在will后加not。You will not be rich.
3. 将业时的疑问句
will you be rich?
Will you change your job before long?
When will you change your job?
4. 缩略形式,撇ll,'ll。 you will = you'll will not = won't
when will our fature tense be over? 将来时什么时候结束
5. 另一种将来时。be+going+to
Tom is going to work. Tom打算去工作
//这是表将来时的一种固定结构,打算做...,它同will一样后面用动词原形,只是把be动词根据人称变化即可
例:He is going to buy a car.
She is going to quit smoking介烟.
I'm going to diet我打算去减肥.
Are you going to study English?
Tom is not going to quit smoking.你打算学英语吗
6. 总结:
将来时一:主语+will+动原
将来时二:主语+be going to+动原
7. 范文学习
Nancy will Retire 南希要退休了
//will和be going to后面的动词是不发生任何变化的动词原形
Nanay will retire next year. She is going to open a small fashion house, It will be a small family business.She will make dresses for fine ladies. She won't make a lot of money, but it'll be enough. Her daughter is going to finish college. She's going to find a job. Her son is going to get his driver's license. He's going to save money to buy a used car. It's going to be a happy year for all of them. Happy New Year.
南希明年将退休了,好装备开一家小的时装店。它将是一个家庭小店。她将制作一些时髦女郎穿的裙子,它将不会赚很多钱,但也足够了。她的女儿将完成大学学业,她打算去找一个工作。她的儿子打算拿到驾照,他打算存钱去买一部二手车。对她们来说将是吉祥的一年,新年快乐。
//will可用于各种人称后面,will后用动原
//to后接动原open表开办
//fine ladies表时髦女郎,won't=will not. make money表挣钱 a lot of表许多,用以修饰不可数名词
//driver's license驾照 save money攒钱 used car二手车 for all of them她们全部,for是介词,对于意思
第10课 我的一天——一般现在时
1. 一般现在时用以表经常发生的动作或者是进行一般性的描述。
I get up at six o'clock, I have breakfast, I go to work, I have supper, I watch TV every night. I go to sleep.
例:I watch TV every night我每天晚上看电视
I am a student. The earth goes around the sun. There is a boat in the river.我是个学生,地球围着太阳转,河里有条船
2. I love you.本身无任何时态特征, 只是一般性的描述, 即一个句子我用其它时态都表示不了,就用一般现在时。
3. 主语是第三人称单数时,be动词和实义动词要变第三人称单数形式
例:The earth goes around the sun. //go——goes,即be动词变is,实义动词后加s
4. 特殊变化的动词:
不特殊的是加s
以o,ch,sh等结尾的加es 例:do, watch, wash
以辅音加y结尾变y为i加es 例:study——studies copy——copies have——has
5. she studies English Every night./He often plays basketball.
常用词: often, erery night, always, everyday, recently
6. 一般现在时的否定就是前面讲过的在be动词后加not,实义动词前加don't或doesn't
例:I don't play basketball. I am not a teacher. she doesn't like ice cream.
7. 疑问句:
Are you a teacher? Does she like ice cream? What does she like?
8. 特殊的:What do you do? 你是做什么工作的。
//前一个do是助动词,后一个是实义动词做
9. 总结:
一般现在时及第三人称单数
与一般现在时常用副词
10. 范文学习
Sarah's Compay 萨拉的公司
Sarah Clark owns and manages Clark Food Chain Stores. 萨拉.克拉克拥有并管理克拉克食品连锁店
//Clark Food Chain Stores表克拉克食品连锁店,萨拉.克拉克为第三人称单数所以后面动词要加s
Her stores sell eight "specialty" foods,她的商店经营八种特色食品
//Her stores为复数名词表他的所有商店
At present, 100 people work at Clark food stores. 目前,有一百人在克拉克食品店工作
//At present表现在,目前
Harvey Brown is Sarah's assistant. 哈维.布朗是萨拉的助理
//Harvey Brown为第三称单数后面用is
Suzie Smith, the sales manager. oversees sales work in all stores. 苏西.史密斯,销售经理,负责所有商店的销售工作
//主语为Suzie Smith为第三人称单数,后面的oversee要加s表检查,负责
Business at Sarah Clark Food Company is good. 克拉克食品公司的业绩不错
//这里是指Business is good,主语是不可数名词business,所以谓语用be用is
And the Company is growing. 公司也在持续发展
//is growing,be+动词的ing形式是现在进行时
Growth, however, brings new problems and concerns. 不过,发展也带来了新的问题和顾虑
//Growth是上面grow的名词,表发展,However不过,However放在主谓之间用逗号隔开表插入语
第11课 求疵一得——现在完成时
1. Tom went out. 这句错的,这句可理解为Tom在我来之前出去过。
//表动作发生在过去,但现在已经完成了。而且强调动作的结果对现在的影响用现在完成时。
如:Tom has gone out. 汤姆已经出去了,
2. have(has)+动词的过去分词
例:I have studied English for three months. 我学习英语三个月了,sudied为过去分词
//注:大多数的动词过去分词和过去式是完全一样的,只是不规则变化不一样,如:go——gone
3. have(has)+过去分词的疑问句和否定句
疑问句:Has Tom gone out?
否定句:Tom has not gone out.
4. been是be的过去分词
The train has been in the station for two hours. 火车在站里停了两个小时了
The train has stopped in the station for two hours. 火车延续的踩刹车两小时才停下来
//这是错句stop是不能延续的动作,即是一旦发生就马上结束的动作,如:live居住是延续的,marry结婚不延续的同stop一样
5. 非延续性动词:arrive begin borrow finish
延续性动词:listen听 play玩 rain下雨 work工作
6. 范文学习1
Not Now不是现在
//这篇文章主要体现了现在完成时的构成和用途。have done是其构成,这个结构后面一般要加上表一段延续的时间和短语
//短语可以是for+一段时间,如文中第一句,也可以是since+某个时间点,如文中第二句
Mike and Susan have know each other for two years. 迈克和苏珊相识已经两年了
//主语是复数用have,for引导段时间状语,常用在现在完成时,each other彼此
They have talked about getting married since last year. 自从去年以来,他们就在讨论结婚的事。
//since引导时间状语,talk about sth谈论某事
Mike has already decided to marry Susan. 迈克已经决定娶苏珊
//主三单用has,already表经常,常用在现在完成时
However,Susan has not really made up her mind yet. 然而,苏珊却还没有决定
//not...yet尚未,如:Helen has not decided to leave yet.海论尚未决定离开
She likes Mike a lot,but she doesn't want to get married so early. 她喜欢迈克,但她不想那么早就结婚
//a lot 很,非常,这里用来修饰like,主三单否定用doesn't
So, Mike has to wait. 所以,迈克只有等了
//have to 必须,不得不
7. 范文学习2:
A Letter from Mary一封来自玛丽的信
I have just heard from my sister, Mary. 我刚收到我妹妹玛丽的一封信
//have引导的现完时,just刚刚,hear from sb收到苛人的来信,mary是my sister是同位语
She's in America,She has been there for about a year. 她在美国,她在那里呆了一年了
//She's in America为一般现在时
Mary is a student,She studies in Rice University and majors in Literature. 玛丽是个学生,她在茉斯大学学习文学。
//本句为陈述所以用一般现在时,maiors in ...以...为专业
She has just bought a second-hand car rented a house. 她刚买了辆二手车,租了间房子。
//主三单用has,bought是buy的过去分词,just是副词,表刚刚,常用于现完
Mary has never been abroad before, but she finds her life interesting there. 玛丽以前从来没有出过国, 但是她觉得她现在生活
很有意思。
//never从未,before以前,find sth interesting发现某物很有趣,interesting是做 find的宾语补足语
第12课 与狼共舞——过去完成时
1. the American Indian美洲印地安人
The American Indians have lived there before 1700. 在1700年前印地安人就住在那里了
//***注:上面是用现在完成时的表达,但美洲印地安人居住在那里是过去的动作,动作在1700年就结束了
2. 表过去的过去应用过去完成时,如上面的句子,在1700年以前,他们居住的动作就已经发生并持续了
3. 过去完成时同现在完成时的区别
//现在完成时的动作是在现在之前完成的,过去完成时的动作是在过去某一时间前完成的,——也可以说过完是现完的过去式
4. have或has的过去式是had,had+过去分词
Tony, you are really smart!
The American Indians had lived there before 1700.
I had finished my homework before super.我在晚饭前把作业做完了
5. 否定句和疑问句的现在完成时
He had worked there before 1980.
He had not worked there before 1980.
Had he worked there before 1980?
6. 共学了六咱时态了
I had learned five tenses(时态) Oh, no, I have learned six tenses. Very good, Then what are they?
一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时,过去完成时
//三个一般时态是各种时态的基础
例:I watched two films last night.过去时
So I am sleepy now 现在时
And I will go to bed soon.
例2:My English was very poor, So I study English Everyday, now my English is better and it will be excellent soon!
例3:Great Tony, Because you are very smart! Yeah, I was, I am and I will be. 哈哈,我过去是,现在是,将来也是。
8. 现在进行时也有过去进行时和将来进行时,同一般时态相对应。
现在进行时:表现阶段正在发生后进行的动作。主语+be动词+实义动词ing形式
过去进行时:表过去某时间正在发生的动作。were(was)+实义动词的ing形式
将来时行时:表将来某时间正在发生的动作。Will be +实义动词的ing形式
9. was(were) + V + ing 过去进行
am(is,are) + V + ing 现在进行
will be + V + ing 将来时行
例: I was watching TV for eight to nine last night.我昨晚8点到9点在看电视。
I will be watching TV from eight to nine tomorrow night. 我明天晚上8点到9点要看电视
10. 八种时态:时间分现在,过去和将来,动作分一般,进行和完成。将它们排列组合形成不同的时态
现在 一般现在时 一般
一般过去时
一般将来时
过去 现在进行时 进行
过去进行时
将来进行时
将来 现在完成时 完成
过去完成时
//I will try my best!
11. 范文学习1
They are in My Pocket 它们在我的口袋里
Mum: Naughty boy! 淘气的孩子 //Naughty表玩皮的,淘气的
Mum: Did you fight with others? 你又和别人打驾了吗?
//一般过去时的疑问句用did提出,fight with sb和某人打驾
Mum: Look! You have lost your front teeth. 瞧,你的门牙都没有了 //tooth的复数是teeth
Tom: No, mummy, I haven't lost my font teeth. 不,妈妈我的门牙没有丢
Tom: They are in my pocket. //in one's pocket在某人的口袋里,一般现在时
12. 范文学习2:
she had a Bad cold 她得了重感冒
Mary: where were you yesterday? 你昨天在那里 //有具体时间yesterday,用一般过去时
Jack: I was at home. //我在家里,be at home在家里
Mary: why did you stay at home? //为什么呆在家里,一般过去式疑问句用did, Stay at home呆在家里
Jack: I was taking care of sally. //我在照顾萨莉,过去进行时,take care of照顾,照看
Mary: What's wrong with her? //她怎么了?
Jack: She had a bad cold. //have a bad cold.得了重感冒
Mary: Is she getting better? //现在好些了吗?现在进行时
Jack: Yes, Thanks. //是的,谢谢
Mary: Where is she now? //现在她在那里?
Jack: she has been to school //have been to ...去某地了
第25课 车被偷了——被动语态
1. 英语中没有被这个单词,表达被时可在动词谓语前加be动词形式,再把动词谓语改为过去分词,来表达被的意思
My bike was stolen yesterday. 我的车昨天被偷了
//用于不知道动作的发生者是谁或没必要指出动作的执行者是谁时
例:Your clothes is made of cotton. 你的衣服是棉花做的
2. 被动语态构成是be+动词的过去分词,be随着人称和时态的变化而变化
例:The windows were broken 这些窗子被打破
These computers are sold out 这些电脑被卖光了
3. 被动语态中常用by把动作执行者引出来
The Dream of Red Mansions was written by Cao Xueqin. 红楼梦是曹雪琴写的,
例:The picture was taken by him. 这张照片是他拍的
//注by后接人称代词时用宾格,take the picture拍照
4. 被动语态的作用, 强调的对象不一样。
例:The picture was taken by him. 强调picture
he took the picture. 强调he
例2:The software was bought by my friend./My firend bought the software. 这个软件是我朋友买的/我朋友买了这个软件
//前者强调软件,后句强调我朋友
5. 主动语态变被动语态三步曲
1) 以主动句的宾语做主语。
2) 将动词改为be+过去分词 (be要与新主语的人称和数一致,时态同原来样)
3) 主动句的主语由by引出。 注:介词by后接宾格
6. 变被动语态,也可理解为主谓宾顺序的颠倒,谓语变成be+过去分词
例:He gave me a present. ——The present was given by him.
7. 被动语态还能体现讲话的客观性,因为这种语态多用物,而不像主动语态多用人,强调,我认为,我觉得...主观性过强,很多法律文件均用被动语态。
8. 被动语态的任何时态的变化都是在be动词上与动词的过去分词无关。
例: I am invited/ I was invited./ I will be invited.
例2:The man repaired the car.——The car was repaired by the man.
现完被:The car has been repaired by the man.
过完被:The car had been repaired by the man.
//被动语态的时态共有十种,都在be动词上完成
9. 范文学习
To Be Criticized 挨批评
//注意文中被动语态的各种形式,如它的不定式,动名词形式,在情态动词后面的用法,及有副词时副词的位置
Oh no! I don't like being criticized. Being criticized is awful! 哦,不!我讨厌被人批评。被人批评真是痛苦!
//like后加动名词表愿意做某事。being+过去分词是被动语态的动名词形式,所以like being criticized表喜欢挨批评
//being criticied具有名词性质 ,相当挨批评,被动语态的动名词形式这里做主语
I don't want to be criticized either. 我也不想挨批评
//这里被动语态的不定式,be要用原型,即be+过去分词
But sometimes criticism is welcomed since it can help you to know more about yourself.
//但是有时需要批评,因为它可使你更了解自己
//be welcomed被动语态,表受到欢迎
Because the weak points are always neglected by people themselves. 人们有时总是忽略了自己身上缺点
//are always neglected 被动语态,表受到忽视 。always常放在be动词和过去分词间, weak point=weakness缺点,弱点
and they take time to be noticed and thus corrected. 人们需要时间来发现,改正这些缺点
//to be noticed 被注意。 and thus corrected = and thus to be corrected。即然后被改正
But sometimes people may be hurt by inappropriate criticism. 但是人们有时会由于不恰当的批评而受伤。
//情态动词后的被动语态也要用原形,May be hurt
And that is why so many complaints are made between managers and clerks. 这就是为什么在经理与员工之间总是抱怨纷纷
//make complaint:发牢骚,改为被动语态complaint is made. 动词词组被动语态