CD1 般,特,反疑，祈使,感叹,省略,倒装,五种句型

1. 一般疑问，(由助动词do/does或be动词am,is,are提起)
 1)do或does(主三单)提起疑问，回答用Yes,I do/No,I don't，Yes,she does/No,she doesn't
  例：Do you have a car? Yes, I do Does she like English? Yes, she Does
 2)Be动词的
  例：There are many people in the room./Are there many people in the room.
   Yes, there are/No, there aren't
2. 特殊疑问，(由what/why/where/when/how/who特疑词提起)
 1)一般疑问前加特疑词
  I am tony/who am I  she is my mother/who is she? They are student/who are they?
 2)变特疑句步骤，her name is——Is her name——what is her name?
  she likes flowers—— Does she like flowers?—— Why does she like flowers?
 3)How much对钱提问，How often对频率提问
3. 反意疑问句，(将谓语变成相反形式，前肯后否或前否后肯，后否时要用缩小形式)
 1)前肯后否 //注：尾巴一定要用缩写形式，译为好吗，是吗？
  You are a football fan, aren't you?
 2)前否后肯
  例：You aren't a football fan, are you? Yes,I am/No, I'm not
 3)反疑的尾巴得来是将谓语提前，只保留谓语和主语。回答都同一般疑问句
 4)其它时态也是可以的
  例：You have been to the Great Wall, haven't you?/You bought a computer. didn't you?
  例2：You can swim, can't you? Yes, I can.
4. 感叹句，后其它句子没绝对的界限，可是单个词，陈述句加重感情，常见是how和what的引导的
 1)陈述句加感叹词  Ah,there he is! 啊，他在那儿啊！oh,It's a nice day today!
 2)how+形容词或副词+主语+动词，与特疑句的区别是，特疑句是倒序的
  How old is he? 疑问 How old he is!感叹
 3)how+主谓宾 How clever the boy is! /How lovely the garden looks!/How fast he runs!
 4)what+[冠词]+形容词+名词+主+谓语 
  例：what a clever boy he is!/What strong arms Jack has!/What a nice day it is today!
 4)有些形容词和名词本就是，如：Great!/Wonderful!/damn!/God!
 5)省略表达法： what a nice day [it is ]today!/What a pity!/How strange!/How cold!
 6)感叹句和其它句之间无绝对界限，一些陈述句加重感情也可变变感叹句！
  例：It's cool!/ Bamboo grows so fast!
5. 省略句
 1)理论上句子任何成份都可省略，但结合语境，表情，手势要能让人懂你意思，回答别人，省略句多会让人觉得你不耐烦
 2)省略句在口语中很常用，当不懂意思时，首先看是否省略句，补充上省略的部分就懂了
  what are you doing?/reading/Then,what do you think of this novel?/Terrific!
6. 倒装句
 1)把整个谓语或部分谓语放在主语前的句子，主要是为了突出特殊含义。方法：找出助动词放主语前，句首加so/nor等
 2)第1种是助动词提前So/Neither/Nor/Never/Hardly放句首的局部倒装 //注：并不是把这此词放句首就是倒装句
  例1：I think it's easy. So do I
 3)第2种是助动词(do/have/did..情态动can..)提前否定词放句首的局部到装
  例1：I haven't had my breakfast, Neither have I 我还没吃早饭，我也没有
  例2: Girls do not like hot food. Neither(Nor) do some boys. 女孩不喜欢辣的食物，一些男孩也不喜欢
  例3：My fater doesn't smoke. Neither does my father 我父亲也不抽
    Never have I been to the beach./Hardly can he speak. 我从没去过海边/他几乎说不出话来
 4)第3种是谓语提前地点状语放句首的全部倒装
  例：Next to the bedroom is the bathroom. In the sitting room are a TV, Beside the table stands Andy.
  例2：Here comes the next question.
7. 祈使句， 用以表使役/命令/请求/建议/劝告等，后三项常加please
 1)你我之间表使役/命令直接用动原 例：Sit down/Stand up/turn left/trun right/Help me study English
 2)表请求/建议/劝告的加please，可加在前面也可在后面
  Please go this way/Go this way, please请这边走/Please help me study English.
 3)加will you/won't you的请求，前者更有把握，后者更委婉
  Study with me, will you?/Teach me English, won't you?
 4)对我们或第三者提出建议用let(让，允许)+人称代词+动原
  let's study English together. 咱们一起学英语吧/Let me try./Let me think.
 5)祈使句的否定一般是动原前加do的否定don't，但let后接us/me时可直接加not+动原
  例：Don't smoke here!/Don't make our parents angry!/Don't leave me!
   Don't let me feel tired/Don't let your teacher worry about you
   Let's not stop studying english.
8. 五种句型及间接宾语
 1. 主谓句型  例：Birds fly/He came/He is sining/They are laughing
 2. 主谓宾句型 例：I like football/You like shopping
 3. 主谓宾补  例：My parents want me to go abroad./We call you Tony. 我父母想让我出国
  注：这里两个宾语间可构成逻辑主谓关系，即：我出国，你是tony。如：The file made me laugh，我笑也是宾补
   
 4. 主谓双宾  例：I make you a cake./Your mother bought you a computer. =I will make a cake for you.
  注：宾补与双宾区别主要是看两个宾语能否构成逻辑上的主谓关系，能构成是宾补，不能构成是双宾。
   不能说you are a cake/a computer，即不构成逻辑主谓关系，是主谓双宾，you是间宾，cake/computer是直宾
   //you为间宾(make的间接结果)，cake为直宾(make的直接结果)
 5. 主谓表 主语+系动词+表语 例：It's hot today.