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CD1_04_18_28have句,there be句,比较最高,不定式

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CD1_04_18_28_3334have句,there be句,比较最高,不定式,虚拟语句

4. have和there be
18. 比较级,最高级
28. 不定式


第4课 此有和彼有(have 和 there be)
1. There is a place in your heart. //在你心中有个地方
 //there是引导词,无实际意义,there be开头表某地有某物
2. be的变化和前面的there无关系,这里的用is是历为后面a place是单数名词,复数用are, 例:
 There are Many Stars in the sky. //天上有许多星星
 There is a Star in the sky.   //天上有一颗星星
3. There be的变化遵守be的变化规则
 单数there is , 复数there are,
 否定式there is not(There isn't)/There are not(There aren't)
 例:There aren't many stars in the sky.
  There are two watermelons in the icebox.  //冰箱里有两个西瓜
4. 拥有的表达,there be 用来表某地有某物,星星在天上,西瓜在冰箱,天上和冰箱是星星和西瓜存在的地方,所以用there be句型
5. 英语中表拥有,所有时用have //have是实义动词,它的主三单是has
 I have a dream. 我有一个梦 He has a dream他有一个梦
 I have a good idea. This boy has a job.这个男孩有份工作 They have three daughters. 他们有三个女儿
 ***否定式, 在have和名词前加no
 I have no good idea. This boy has no a job. We have no chance 我们没有机会了
6. 其它例子
 there are some new books on the table. 桌子上有几本新书
 I have some new books. 我有一些新书。
7. 范文学习
 Mr. Brown's Family 布朗先生一家
 Mr. and Mrs. Brown have two sons. They also have a dog. They have a big house in a small town. The Browns have a garden. There are some trees in it. They have two cars. They don't have much money in the bank. They are having a part. There are many people at his party. But there's very little food.  There's not much meat. There are only a few cans of coke and a little orange juice. Everyone is happy because there's plenty of beer.
 布朗先生和夫人有两个儿子。他们还有只狗。他们在小镇上有一座房子。布朗家有个大花园。花园里有些树。他们有两辆汽车。他们在银行里没有多少钱。他们在举行宴会,宴会上的人很多,但是食物却很少。没有太多的肉,只有一些可乐和一些果汁。不守,宴会上的人还是很高兴,因为有大量的啤酒。
 //party宴会  can罐头 juice水果汁 however不过,然而  plenty of 许多在,大量的
 //have表人有, there be表某地有某物,如There are some  trees in the garden.花园里有些书
 //also表也
 //the+姓氏+s表一家人,the Browns表布郎一家
 //某地有某物用there be句型,some 表几个,一些用于肯定句
 //have no money表完全没有钱,don't have much money.表没有很多钱,much用在不可数名词前表许多,一般用于否定和疑问句
 //are having是现在时行时,表动作正在进行中,have这里表举行
 //there be句型中的be用什么形式主要跟后面名词的单复数有关,many people所以用are
 //food是不可数名词,所以前面用there is...,little修饰不可数名词,这里表几乎没有
 //meat也是可数名词
 //coke是Coca-Cola的缩写形式,a few表一些,几个,后面接复数名词。
 //plenty of表示很多的,后面可接可数或不可数名词,这里接不可数名词beer,所以前面用there is..,because表因为,它引导从句表原因

第18课 只有更好——比较级
1. My watch is faster than yours. 我的表比你的表快
 //faster是fast的比较级,表更快,快一些
2. 比较级,即是用于两个事物之间的比较,形式就是在形容词或副词后加er
 例:fast——faster young——younger tall——taller old——older short——shorter
 例2:I am tall/I am young.
  I am taller than Mary.
  I am younger than Tom.
3. 比较级可用于任意两者间的比较
 例:He is taller than Tom. 他比Tom个子高
  Mary is taller than Tom.
  Tom is taller than Bob
4. 比较级的最高级,在形容词或副词后加est,并与the连用,表某人某物在一个范围之中最...
 例:He is the tallest of us.他在我们当中最高
  Mary is the youngest in my family. 玛丽在我家是最小的
5. 比较级和最高级的区别:比较级是两者间的比较,通常在词尾加er,而最高级是指三者或三者以上最...的一个,词尾加est,前加the
 例:Jack is stronger than I. Jack is the strongest boy in the class. 杰克是全班最强装的男孩
 例2:My brother runs faster than my sister. My brother runs the fastest in our family. 我哥哥是我们家里跑的最快的。
6. 某些较长的词的比较级和最高级只需在词前加上more或most即可,而不需在词尾变化。
 例:beautiful, carefully //前加more构成比较级,加the most构成最高级
  she is more beautiful then mary. 
  she is the most beautiful girl in her family. 她是家中最漂亮的女孩。
 例2:This book is more interesting than that one. 这本比那本书更有意思
  It is the most interesting one of the three books.
 例3:My brother works harder than I. Time is more valuable than money. 时间比金钱更宝贵
7. 不规则的比较级和最高级
 good和well分别是形容词和副词,比较级都是better,最高级是best.
 例:Andy's English is better than Tony's English. Andy比较Tony的英语好。
8. 表持续的变化,意思是越来越....
 例:Your English is getting better and better. 你的英语真的是越来越好了
 例2:The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气正一天天变暖。
  He run faster and faster. 他越跑越快。
  I am getting cleverer and cleverer.
9. the+比较级...,the+比较级... 表越..., 就越... 句形:the more... the more ...
 例:The cleverer you are, the faster you can learn. 你越聪明,就学得越快。
 例:The richer he became, the more he wanted. 他越富有,他贪图的也就越多
  The hearder I study, the better my English will be. 我学得越努力,我的英语就越好。
 //注:前面都是比较级,后面都跟陈述语序。
 例2:Andy,My English will be better and better. 我英语一定可以越学越好的。
  Let's make it better. 让我们做的更好。
10. 比较级和最高级的几种变化
 1)直接在前面加more或the most
 2)以e结尾的直接加st,例:closest
 3)双写词尾辅间字母+est,例:fattest
 4)变y为i加est,例:heaviest
 5)不规则的变化,best是good最高级
11. 范文学习1
  My Best Friend 我最好的朋友
 My best friend is the most thoughtful person. 我最好的朋友是最体贴的人
  //good——best
 When I'm sad, he is the most sympathetic. 当我难过时,他最富有同情心
  //when引导时间状语从句,表 当...时候 the most sympathetic.是最高级
 When I'm sick, he is the most concerned. 当我病的时候,他最关切
  //the most concerned 关切的最高级
 When I'm in trouble, he is the most helpful. 当我有困难时,他最能帮我,
  //the most helpful形容词的最高级
 He is the closest person to me. He is my fater. 他是我最亲的人,他是我爸爸
  //close是e结尾,直接加st close表亲密的
 He's the fattest and heaviest man in my family. 他是我家最胖,最重的人
  //heavy变y为i加est成最高级
 He is the hardest-working one in the office. 在办公室他是最努力的
  //heard最高级是hardest
12. 范文学习二
  I Like Jane Better 我更喜欢简
  //文中复习了比较级的变化形式,如prettier,wiser,more considerate,recher
  //还有the+比较级...,the+比较级,表越...就越...
 Do you like mary or Jane? 你喜欢玛丽还是简? //or连词,译为或者,还是,这是选择疑问句
 I like mary. 
 why? //是why do you like mary.的省略
 Jane's OK, but Mary's perettier,wiser,and more considerate, what about you? 简不错,但玛丽更美丽,更智慧,更能体谅别人,你觉得呢?
  //prettier是pretty的比较级,变y为i加er或est,wiser是wise的比较级,以e结尾直接加r或st。more considerate比较级长字符串前加more或the most 
 I like Jane better. 我更喜欢简  //well的比较级是better.,like...better更喜欢
 Why? 为什么 //省略了,why do you like jane.
 She's richer. 她更有钱, //rich的比较级是richer
 You become more realistic. //你变得更现实了,more realistic比较级
 The richer I become , the happier I am.  我越有钱,就越高兴。//the+比较级,the+比较级,表越...就越...

第28课 必想事成——不定式
1. Gone with the wind 乱世佳人
 I want see the film again.——这句是错的,两个动词是不能连用的 
 I want to see the film again. 我真想再看一遍
  //在动原see前加to构成不定式即可,还可想干其它任何事,只要记得用to加动原构成不定就行
 例:I want to fly./I want to speak English with you./I want to make new friends 我想飞/。。。/我想交新朋友
  I want to walk on the moon. 我想在月球上行走。
2. 动词不定式做宾语
 例:I hope to go there with you 我想同你一同去那
  she decided to stay at home tonight. 她决定今晚呆在家里
3. 前面的是不定式跟在动词后面作宾语,不定式和其它非谓语动词一样,可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种成分。许多形容词,副词,过去分词作表语时,后面也带有不定式作状语,常见的这类词有:glad, sorry, proud, afraid, ready, difficult和good
 例:glad to see you. 很高兴见到你
  He's always ready to help others/The river is good to swim in. 他总是乐于助人/这条河是游泳的好地方
  English is not difficult to learn./ I'm proud to be Andy's friend. 英语并不是很难学/作为Andy的朋友,我很自豪
  I'm very glad to hear that. 很高兴听你这样说
4. 不定式也可像非谓语动词中的分词和动名词一样做定语,只是不定式做定语,一般放所修饰的名词或代词后。
 例:I have something to tell you.
  //to tell you修饰something做定语,定语一般是被放所修饰的词后面
  如:red flower boiled water等,但是不定式做定语有点特别,它一般放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
  例: It's a good chance to learn English. 这是学英语的好机会
  //学英语是机会的定语,应用不定式,并放机会的后面。
  例2:He has an important meeting to attend tomorrow. 他明天有个重要的会要参加
5. 不定式的其它用法,作宾语补足语
 I asked him to help me.我请他帮助我  //这里不定式to help me是asked的宾语,又是him(他)的谓语,因为动词ask在这里需要复合宾语,于是不定式在复合宾语中充当的成分叫宾语补足语,即补充说明him的情况。
 例:My parents want me to go abroud. 我的父母想让我出国
 //me是want的宾语,不定式to go abroad进一步说明想让我干什么,就是宾语补足语
6. 宾语补足语的作用就是补充说明宾语,进一步表示宾语的动作,行为,状态
 例:The teacher ordered the students to be silent. 老师命令学生们安静下来。
  //the students是ordered的宾语, to be silent是不定式做宾补
7. 有些动词的复合宾语中,动词不定式必须省掉to,
 如感官动词:see/hear/watch/feel/notice/have/let  看见/听见/观看/觉得/注意/使/让
 例:I saw him play football on the playground. 我看见他在操场踢球
  I heard him sing the song in English. 我听见他用英语唱过这首歌
8. 分词也可用在动词后作宾语补足语,强调宾语的行为正在进行。
 例:I saw him playing football on the playground. 我看见他正在操场踢足球
  //强调动作正在进行,现在分词表主动,进行的状态。
 例:I heard him singing the song in English? 我听见他正用英语唱这首歌。
9. 不定式的否定是在to之前加not构成
 例:You often advise me not to stay up late. 你老是劝我别熬夜
  Be careful not to fall ill! I want to keep fit!
10. 范文学习
  The Flies 苍蝇
  //注意文中的不定式做状语/宾语/宾补,及否定形式,not to
  //如:came to inspect a factory/promised to get rid of them/asked the inspectors to come back
 One morning, some public health inspectors came to inspect a factory. 一天早晨,一些公共卫生检查员到一家工厂检查
  //to inspect a factory是目的状语,表来的目的是检查工厂
 They were surprised to find a lot of flies. 他们惊讶的发现有很多苍蝇
  //to find放在形容词surprised(惊奇的)后做状语
 They complained to the factory manager. 他们把不满告诉了工厂经理
  //complain 抱怨,做不及物动词,后可接to表向...抱怨,如:somebody are always complaining to others 有人总是向别人报怨
 He promised to get rid of them. 他答应除掉它们
  //promised 答应,许诺 可接不定式做宾语 如:I promise not to tell anyone.我答应不告诉任何人
 He asked the inspectors to came back at noon and inspect the room again. 他让检查员中午回来再检查一下洗手间
  //ask sb to do sth 让某人做某事,动词不定式to do这里做宾语补足语。如:He always asks me to help him.我总是叫我帮助他
 At noon, the inspectors returned to the washrooms. 中午的时候,检查员返回到洗手间
  //在中午和夜里用介词at,如:at noon, at night, 前不用定冠词 和in the morning/afternoon/evening不同
 All the flies had gone. They congratulated the man on solving the problems 所有的苍蝇都不见了,他们祝贺经理解决了问题
  //had gone 过去完成时,表过去的过去。 congratulate及物动词,祝贺,后接on或upon表对就某事对某人祝贺
  //如:Congratulate you on passing the exam. 恭喜你通过了考试
 The manager was pleased to hear that. But he seemd a little nervous. 经理很高兴听到这些话,便他看起来有点紧张
  //be pleased to do sth 很高兴做某事 seem 看起来,显得,后接形容词,
  //如:seem a little newous显得紧张,seem young看起来很年轻
 He asked the inspectors not to stay too long. The manager explained: 他让检查员不要呆太长时间,经理解释说
  //not 放to前表不定式否定,explain 表为把问题讲清而进行解释说明
 All the flies are in the dining hall because it's lunch time now, but they'll be back soon.
  //因为现在是午饭时间,所有苍蝇都在餐厅呢,但它们一会就要回来了。
  //because 因为,引导原因状语从句